The basic components of India's forest conservation efforts include protecting existing forests, putting a check on the diversion of forest land for non-forestry purposes, encouraging farm forestry/private area plantations, expanding the protected area network and controlling forest fires. Forests cover 19.4% of the country's landmass. Forests with a crown cover of more than 40% have been increasing.

The National Forestry Action Programme has been formulated for sustainable forest development and to bring one-third of the country's geographical area under forest/ tree cover as mandated in the National Forest Policy, 1988. A major programme of afforestation is being implemented with the people's participation under the Joint Forest Management.

The National Forest Policy envisages the participation of people in the development of degraded forests to meet their requirements of fuel wood, fodder and timber. Until 1 September 2000, 10.25 million hectares of forestland had been brought under JFM and 36 165 Village Forest Protection Committees were to be constituted. The protected area network comprises 88 national parks, 490 wildlife sanctuaries and is spread over 15.3 million hectares.

Twelve biosphere reserves have been set up to protect representative ecosystems. Management plans are being implemented for 20 wetlands with coral reefs and mangroves being given a priority.
The National Wasteland Development Board is responsible for regenerating private, non-forest and degraded land.
The National Afforestation and Eco-development Board is responsible for regenerating degraded forest land, land adjoining forests and ecologically fragile areas.

The CDM will be supervised by an executive board, and a share of the proceeds from project activities will be used to assist developing countries in meeting the costs of adaptation to climate change.

(Start Quiz) Team 1

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