Causes of a Tsunami

The geological movements that cause tsunamis are produced in three major ways. The most common of these are fault movements on the sea floor, accompanied by an earth-quake. They release huge amount of energy and have the capacity to cross oceans. The degree of movement depends on how fast the earthquake occurs and how much water is displaced. The second most common cause of the tsunami is a landslide either occurring under water or originating above the sea and then plunging into the water. The largest tsunami ever produced by a landslide was in Lituya Bay, Alaska 1958. The massive rock slide produced a wave that reached a high water mark of 50 - 150 meters above the shoreline. The third major cause of tsunami is volcanic activity. The flank of a volcano located near the shore or under water may be uplifted or depressed similar to the action of a fault, or, the volcano may actually explode. In 1883, the violent explosion of the famous volcano, Krakotoa in Indonesia, produced tsunami measuring 40 meters which crushed upon Java and Sumatra. Over 36,000 people lost their lives in this tyrant waves.

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