Earthquake vibrations occur in a variety of frequencies and velocities. The actual rupture process may last for a few seconds to as long as one minute for a major earthquake. The ground shaking is caused by ‘body waves’ and ‘surface wave’.

Body waves (P and S waves) penetrate the body of the earth, vibrating fast. ‘P’ waves travel about 6 kilometers per hour and ‘S’ waves travel with a speed of 4 kilometers per hour. Surface waves vibrate the ground horizontally and vertically. These long period waves cause swaying of tall buildings and slight waves motion in bodies of water even at great distances from the epicenter.

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